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Frappe de drone aux Émirats arabes unis, visite de Donald Trump en Chine… L'analyse de Gilles Kepel

Channel: BFMTV Published: 2026-05-18 01:57
BFMTV

Gilles Kepel argues that the Iran-Gulf-Israel conflict has entered a new phase where drones, proxy warfare, and weakening U.S. coercive power matter more than conventional superiority. He says Trump’s threats look increasingly theatrical, the Strait of Hormuz is only partly open on Iranian terms, and regional states are hedging away from exclusive reliance on Washington.

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Detailed summary

In this BFMTV/RMC segment, the host asks Gilles Kepel to define the current state of the Iran-related conflict after continued strikes, including a drone fire near the Barakah nuclear plant in the UAE. Kepel’s core argument is that the geopolitical order has changed: the United States no longer functions as the uncontested hyperpower it was after the Cold War, and Donald Trump lacks the ability to turn threats into effective action on the ground. He says Trump’s recent summit in Beijing with Xi Jinping shows U.S. dependence and weakness, since Trump had to ask China for help with the Strait of Hormuz, while Xi effectively let the situation unfold to pressure Trump. …

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Main takeaways

  1. Kepel sees the conflict as a shift from conventional state warfare to cheap drone warfare, proxy attacks, and strategic ambiguity.
  2. He argues U.S. power is visibly weaker and Donald Trump’s threats are less credible than before.
  3. The Strait of Hormuz is described as only partially open and effectively managed by Iran on its own terms.
  4. Gulf states are diversifying security relationships because they no longer fully trust the U.S. umbrella.
  5. The UAE and Bahrain are closer to Israel; Saudi Arabia and Qatar are more accommodative toward Iran and China.
  6. He views the Barakah drone incident as a symbolic warning rather than a catastrophic nuclear event.
  7. He believes Hezbollah’s continued operational capacity shows a major intelligence and adaptation failure.
  8. He says Washington’s nuclear demands on Iran amount to surrender language, not a workable negotiation framework.

Market read by horizon

Short term

Near term, the setup is tactical risk around Gulf shipping, drone escalation, and headline-driven moves in energy and defense names. Trump’s threats may move sentiment, but the transcript suggests actual market impact depends on whether they translate into enforceable action.

  • Immediate risk remains escalation around Gulf infrastructure, especially anything tied to nuclear sites, shipping lanes, or drone launch attribution.
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  • Trump’s latest threats to Tehran look more like pressure signaling than a clearly executable military plan.
  • The Strait of Hormuz is a live tactical variable: even partial restrictions on transit can affect energy flows and regional risk premiums.
Mid term

Over the next few weeks and months, the likely path is a messy stalemate where regional states keep hedging and Iran retains asymmetric leverage. The key confirmation signal is whether Hormuz flows, proxy attacks, and counter-drone defenses stay under Iranian-influenced pressure rather than normalize.

  • Over the coming weeks and months, Kepel’s base case is a prolonged coercive standoff rather than a clean military resolution.
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  • Validation would come from whether Gulf states keep adding Israeli and other non-U.S. security layers, indicating durable mistrust of Washington.
  • If drone defenses and counter-drone systems keep outperforming expensive interceptor architectures, the regional balance will continue shifting toward asymmetric tools.
Long term

Structurally, Kepel’s view implies a durable shift away from unipolar U.S. security guarantees toward fragmented, multi-aligned regional order. If drones and proxy warfare keep outperforming expensive conventional defenses, the long-run regime favors resilience, redundancy, and political accommodation over pure military supremacy.

  • The structural thesis is that the post-Cold War American security model has weakened and no longer guarantees allied protection at acceptable cost.
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  • Drone proliferation changes warfare by making low-cost systems capable of stressing high-cost air defense and conventional deterrence.
  • Regional states are moving toward multi-alignment: hedging between the U.S., Israel, Iran, China, and local proxy structures.
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Key claims (8)

BEARISH U.S. power decline United States

The world has changed and the United States is no longer the uncontested hyperpower it was after the Cold War.

Kepel explicitly contrasts the post-Cold War era with the present and says Trump cannot turn decisions into action on the ground.

BEARISH executive weakness Donald Trump

Trump lacks the ability to convert threats and decisions into operational success, including in the Iran file.

He says Trump is asking others for help and is not getting effective results on the ground.

BULLISH drone warfare Iran

Drone warfare has exposed the limits of expensive conventional missile defenses in the Gulf.

Kepel says Gulf states paid fortunes for interceptors, but they were impotent against Iranian drone swarms.

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Assets discussed (9)

Strait of Hormuz
BULLISH other

Presented as the key chokepoint whose closure or easing drives energy and geopolitical risk; reopening would relieve pressure, tightening would intensify it.

Barakah nuclear plant
BEARISH other

Drone fire near the UAE’s Barakah site is framed as an escalation signal and a vulnerability around critical infrastructure.

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Speakers

HOST Host/Interviewer GUEST Gilles Kepel

Interview (5 Q&A)

état de la guerre

Où en est-on de cette guerre qui est officiellement une non-guerre ? On parle d'un cessez-le-feu mais ça a continué à frapper dangereusement ce week-end, notamment aux abords d'une centrale nucléaire aux Émirats. Comment définir ce qu'il se passe aujourd'hui ? Est-on dans un état de guerre ?

Gilles Kepel explique que le monde a complètement changé depuis l'époque de l'hyperpuissance américaine. Donald Trump n'a plus la capacité de transformer ses décisions en action sur le terrain, comme l'a montré le sommet sino-américain où il a dû demander de l'aide à Xi Jinping. Il en revient bredouille et sa cote de popularité s'effondre.

centrale nucléaire Baraka

Que s'est-il passé avec la frappe de drones aux abords de la centrale nucléaire de Baraka à Abu Dhabi ?

Un drone a mis le feu à un bâtiment annexe (un générateur électrique), ce qui ne représente pas un danger d'apocalypse nucléaire mais constitue un signe fort de la part de l'Iran. Cela montre que quand Trump exige que l'Iran rende son stock nucléaire, l'Iran réplique en montrant qu'il peut toucher le nucléaire de l'autre côté. Les Émirats ont été visés car ils se tournent vers Israël pour leur protection, via les accords d'Abraham, n'ayant plus confiance dans le seul parapluie américain.

drones saoudiens

L'Arabie Saoudite dit avoir intercepté trois drones en provenance d'Irak et menace de riposter. Qu'est-ce qu'il faut comprendre ?

Les Saoudiens ne peuvent pas dire autre chose, ils doivent manifester à leur population qu'ils sont capables de se défendre. En Irak, des milices chiites échappent au contrôle du gouvernement et sont manipulées par les Iraniens. Quand les Iraniens veulent attaquer sans qu'on leur impute la responsabilité, ils le font de manière indirecte via ces milices pour pouvoir pratiquer le déni.

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Where this transcript pushes against consensus

  • Kepel suggests the U.S. and its allies are broadly unable to adapt, but he gives limited concrete evidence beyond current battlefield frustration.
  • He treats the Hormuz situation as effectively controlled by Iran, but the transcript does not provide independent operational confirmation of the full extent of closure or routing.
  • He implies Hezbollah reconstitution after decapitation was surprising and largely unseen, but the exact supply chain and scale are not established in the segment.
  • The claim that Trump asked Xi to help open Hormuz is presented as analysis rather than verified fact within the transcript.
  • The suggestion that Iranian negotiators can easily outplay Western negotiators is rhetorically strong but not demonstrated with specific negotiation outcomes in this clip.

Topics

Iran-Israel conflictdrone warfareStrait of HormuzDonald TrumpXi Jinping and ChinaUAE and Barakah nuclear siteSaudi Arabia and QatarHezbollah and Lebanonproxy militias in IraqU.S. decline and alliance shifts

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